Raising the Ghost of Joseph Mairs: "'Nanaimo and Ladysmith came under what amounted to military occupation for almost a year, with hundreds of residents herded into camps fenced in by barbed wire,' reports Haythornthwaite.

'When Canadian Collieries evicted miners and their families from company homes and imported strikebreakers,' says an entry to the Dictionary of Canadian Biography by Simon Fraser University labor lecturer Mark Leier, 'union miners organized strong picket lines. The province sent in constables, and by August scuffles were breaking out.'
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